The Pont du Gard or Nobody Does Aqueducts Like the Romans

You could probably spend months in France and not see all the UNESCO-listed sights.  It is a wonderland of Roman ruins, medieval castles, chateaus, and forts.  Fortunately for us, one of the most famous is only a 45" ride away - the Pont du Gard, the biggest aqueduct ever built by the Romans.  Still intact after nearly 2000 years, the aqueduct is three levels tall, 50 meters high, and 360 meters long.

The aqueduct was part of a 50km system that brought water from Uzes to Nimes, the most important Roman city in the region, over a course that dropped gently and coursed through rock and on elevated channels, most of which are long gone, except for this glorious aqueduct.  To say it is an engineering marvel doesn't begin to do it justice - it is an absolute wonder.

At the Museum exhibit, we learn that those platforms, visible just as the arch begins to curve, were to support the wooden foundations which allowed the masons to maintain consistency in the arches and support the stones until the final center (key) stone was laid in place.

This diagram shows how the aqueduct was constructed, starting at the upper left and finishing on the lower right..

All Roman aqueducts were designed exactly the same and all by military engineers.  With this consistency and uniformity, an engineer could supervise multiple aqueduct projects at the same time.

All the stones  were quarried nearby but only the arch stones were mortared using a formula (given in the Museum exhibit and developed by Vitruvius) that looks remarkably like the same formula we used when making and finishing our adobe walls in New Mexico!

 This is the walkway over the second tier; a once-a-day guided tour takes you across the very top tier (we passed on that as it was a very, very windy day!).

The view from the other side.

In addition to the Museum, there is a botanical garden which includes plants from earliest times, one of which is an olive tree, reputed to be 900 years old (at least that's what we think the French plaque said!)

All this walking, gawking, and learning has given us a healthy appetite so time to tuck into a late lunch!

And the aqueduct spans the Gordon River. . . 

Ahhh . . . Provence!

This year's trip to France was to be with our dear friend, Sue - the three of us renting a house somewhere in Provence where she could paint to her heart's content and Tim and I could complete our post-doctoral degrees in loafing.  Sadly, Sue couldn't make this year's trip, but we assured her we would scope out Provence and narrow down where we will all come, Summer 2016.

Provence is to France what Tuscany is to Italy - the place name everybody recognizes and equates with 'la dolce vita' or life well-lived.  It's easy to see why.  Provence is blest with a lovely, 'Mediterranean' climate which translates into sunny, dry summers and mild winters.  The terrain and terroir (that's French for soil) is perfect for growing grapes, and the towns are achingly picturesque.  Nearly every one could be on a postcard.  As a result, it's 'the' place to vacation and rental prices reflect it.

We stop in the Tourist Information center in St. Remy de Provence and find a lovely, funny attendant who spends a long time with us, trying to match their TI rental listings with our needs.  One rental she dismisses as 'too much' and when Tim says 'What's too much?' she says 2,000 euros - a week!!!!  Yeah sure you betcha that's too much - we just want to rent it, not buy it!  But I get ahead of myself . .

Our current rental (for 9 days) is in a delightful small town called Eyragues (pronounced Ay-rak) which is equidistant from Avignon and Arles, perfect for exploring this part of Provence.  Our host, Patrice, and his wife Laurence, speak wonderful English and are delightful.  Doesn't this look like the archetypical Provencal home?? It even has a pool!

Like most Provencal towns, ours has a market which we are eager to patronize.

One of our first stops is at a booth where a young woman is enthusiastically chopping veggies with a device we've never seen.

Got our attention for sure!  It's probably made in China, but this gadget is irresistible (won't take up much room in our suitcase) and it comes with the most wonderful vegetable peeler.  Now we just need the vegetables . . .

We walk away with green beans, carrots, onions, potatoes, zucchini, pears, tangerines - enough for several meals - and it's just over 2 euros!!

Every meal needs a baguette so we stop at our favorite boulangerie (she makes almond croissants to die for).

Tim is a happy man, in the kitchen, frying up a French delight . . .

Tomorrow, we explore!

The Maritime Museum, Ile de Re, and Poitou Donkeys

One of the joys of having a rental car is that we can look at a map and say 'Let's go there today!' which is exactly what we did on this glorious Sunday morning.  'There' is Ile de Re which is connected to La Rochelle via a 3km bridge and looked like it might be a fun place to see, kind of Rehoboth Beach and the Hamptons, with crepes.  

But first a stop at The Maritime Museum in La Rochelle's harbor.

There is an indoor exhibit of the port's history (all in French so we didn't learn very much) and then a visit aboard a French meteorological research vessel.

After a tour of the crew and officers' quarters, we head for the galley (where else?) and Tim is wowed by the equipment.

Prominently displayed is a menu for Christmas dinner 1967,  complete with the accompanying wines.

On to the bridge where I get to channel my inner captain . . . 

And the view from the prow into the harbor . . . Tim no doubt thinking of his many weeks aboard aircraft carriers.

Off to Ile de Re!  We have no idea where we're going - or even why - it just looks like a neat spot.  The map shows a town near the island's very tip called St. Martin de Re which turns out to be quite the French tourist mecca.  It's a residents only auto zone so we park and walk a short way before coming out into a delightful and scenic town square which immediately reminded both of us of Mykonos, without the pelicans.

Obviously there is a huge tide here as the boats in the marina are accessible at low tide via some challenging steps.

We're drawn to a church just off the square which, like so many in France, looks like it dates back to the 14th or 15th century or perhaps even earlier.

Above, the original, unrestored portion; below, the restored interior which is quite grand.   We're both surprised by the wooden ceiling.

On our drive back to the bridge, I insist Tim come to a screeching halt.  I've just spotted the most remarkable-looking creatures, a herd of Poitou donkeys  (I didn't know that's what they were until I got home and looked them up; I thought this was some kind of weird French yak!).

Wow, talk about a bad hair day!!

There are only 200 of them in the world; 19 of them are on Ile de Re.  They are gentle, sweet, friendly creatures, and no one seems to know where they got their dredlocks or why. Years ago, 'farmers' on the Ile harvested salt from the marshes, and the donkeys were used to transport the bagged salt from the marshes to a drying shed.  The sweetest thing I read was that the farmers' wives were so distressed that the donkeys' legs were being scratched and bitten while in the marshes, they made bloomers for them out of old tablecloths!   

Apparently, there are a couple of times a year when you can saddle up a Poitou and have a ride about (they're as big as mules), complete with bloomers, the donkeys that is!

Au revoir Ile de Re, St. Martin, and donkeys.

.

Oooh La La Rochelle

What an absolutely delightful surprise!  Thank you, thank you, Caroline and Julie for suggesting we add La Rochelle to our itinerary.  We've never talked to anyone who's been here, read anything about it,  but it sounded like a perfect 'water fix' about now.  I managed to find a fabulous flat (formerly an artist's atelier) about 10" outside town . . . a click of the gate and we're inside.

I could definitely channel my inner princess here.

And the bathroom had his and her sinks . . . this is heaven.  We've stayed in lots of places over the years and on several continents, but this has to rank right up there as one of the neatest places we've ever stayed.  This adventure is off to a really fine start!!  Off to discover La Rochelle.

La Rochelle is about halfway down the Atlantic coast of France and has been a major port since the time of the Romans.  Its harbor is flanked by two ancient stone towers and is still home to a massive fishing fleet, sailing fleet, and trans-oceanic shipping concerns.  A quick stop at the Tourist Center with the friendliest most helpful staff, and we're parked and on our way.  First stop - lunch!

I order mussels in the 'traditional' style (there seem to be 100 of them in the pot) and Tim orders carbonara, both of which are wonderful. A wander around the inner harbor . . .

And through the arch and into the old town for a walkabout.

Colonnaded walkways, sidewalk cafes, auto-free streets . . . French living at it finest!

We decide to visit the Museum of the New World which our handy tourist guide tells us is mostly about the French and the slave trade.  Huh?  The French and the slave trade??  Once we actually think about it, it all makes sense.  The French West Indies were essentially island plantations, and plantations needed workers, lots and lots of them.  What we now know as Haiti was a French colonial possession. Apparently, the French were very good at this slave trade . . .

Well, color both of us stunned and surprised!  This is a very sobering and depressing bit of French history for sure.

Less than 1% of the slaves who were brought from Africa (primarily Senegal) by the French were successful at revolting during their voyages.  We can't read the plaque, but think this statue may be in recognition of those few . . .

Of the three French Atlantic coast ports (Nantes and Bordeaux being the other two), La Rochelle was the busiest and most profitable for slavers. The slave trade was officially abolished with the Revolution, but Napoleon brought it back at the end of the 18th century (to strengthen the French presence in North America and share in the profits from the plantations).  It wasn't until 1848 that slavery was officially abolished in France, a consequence of various military defeats on American soil and revolts in places like Haiti, rather than a realignment of France's moral compass.

From the late 1500's when the French began slave trading, until its abolitions, the French brought 1.25 million African blacks to French colonies in the Caribbean.  Many French family fortunes were 'earned' this way . . . the museum audio guide relates that the owner of the house that now includes this museum was a slaver.

On an upbeat note, the museum has a stunning collection of the photographs of  Edward Curtis.  I looked at this one and then looked again with that 'I know this place' feeling.

No, it couldn't be . . .  but it is!!  An early 1900's Curtis photo of the San Xavier Mission which is about 10 miles from where we live.  Here it is hanging in a museum in La Rochelle, France!

We've loved our wander around the harbor and the old city, but it's a sober pair who make their way back to the car park.

Chenonceaux: The Ladies' Chateau

On our last trip to France, we managed to visit one chateau in the Loire Valley, Lengeais, and it's really more of a medieval castle, repurposed as a chateau.  Chenonceaux is a whole other matter.  It may be the most famous of all the chateau, certainly the most visited, and has earned the title 'the ladies'  chateau'.  The reason:  since its construction in the early 1500's, it's been ladies who've dictated its design, laid out its gorgeous gardens, and, with one notable exception, given it its cozy, livable character.

You could say it started in the mid-1500's with Henry II who gave Chenonceaux to Diane de Poitiers, his favorite mistress.  She loved the chateau and personalized it for their not-so-secret hideaway.  Upon his death, Henry's wife, Catherine de Medici, tossed Diane out (into another chateau) and installed herself as the grande dame.  She, too, continued to improve and personalize it, including the addition of 'self-sustaining' gardens and a vineyard.  Her plans to radically expand the chateau never materialized.  She died and Chenonceaux went to her daughter-in-law who, upon hearing of her husband's assassination just months after moving in, spent her remaining years at Chenonceaux in mourning and prayer.  Her bedroom is painted dark grey and looks like the inside of a tomb.

It's about a 10" walk from the parking lot to the chateau; the trees that line the walkway (and many of the roads in France) are gorgeous.  They're called plane trees and go back to the 15th century, the result of an accidental English hybridization.  Now they're considered a hazard for drivers (the trees always win in an accident) and there's a move to cut down every one of them . . .

Our first glimpse . . .

The chateau is on the River Cher, an offshoot of the Loire; together they formed the dividing line between Vichy and 'Free France'; smuggling resistance fighters and supplies through Chenonceaux was common during WWII.

One of the most amazing - and unexpected -  things was the abundance of tapestries.  The reception/pick up your audio guide room (formerly the guard room) was lined with them.

The very next room was Diane's boudoir - gorgeous!

The flowers are all fresh, grown in the greenhouse established by Catherine de Medici.  She was not what one would call a 'looker' and legend has it that Diane (who definitely was)  installed this very unflattering portrait of Catherine before taking her leave.

Diane extended the original chateau to the opposite bank of the Cher, and Catherine embellished the corridor and gave grand parties while in residence.

You know we can't visit any place that has a kitchen and not inspect it very carefully.  Tim is puzzling over this ingenious device for turning the rotisserie spits.

And the oven, which was a marvel.

The butchery overseen by a stuffed boar's head on the far wall.

According to the guide, the chateau was used as a hospital during WWI and up to 200 patients were cared for and fed every day for years.  The chateau was also bombed by both sides during WWII (the Germans actually occupied it for a while), and much of it was badly damaged.

The staff dining room and a view of the grand corridor on the first (our second) floor. . .

One of the more interesting aspects of this chateau is the tremendous influence of the Italian Renaissance.  Catherine was responsible for importing many artists, and their influence is obvious in the architecture and paintings.

Catherine's bedroom with tapestries that were breathtaking.  She was also known as the Mother of five Queens, one of which included Mary Queen of Scots (technically not her daughter) who married one of Catherine's sons.

This fabulous inlaid chest was a wedding present to her son and Mary.

And finally the sad, dreary boudoir of the last royal occupant, Queen Louise, wife of Henri III.

One of the last things Henry asked before dying was that his wife never leave Chenonceaux.  She took him literally, roamed the chateau dressed in black, and mourned him until her death years later.

Like so many architectural wonders in this country, Chenonceaux went through a succession of owners over the centuries (many of them women) until the mid-1700's when it became the property of Madame Louise Dupin.  Perhaps the best known saloniste of her time, Madame Dupin was the darling of Paris as well as the great thinkers of the French Enlightenment.  She was smart, witty, kind, and beautiful.  On first meeting her, Rousseau fell hopelessly, madly in love. She is credited with saving Chenonceaux from destruction during the Revolution as even the locals held her in  high esteem.  She lived to be 93.

It went through another long line of owners (including a Cuban millionaire in the late 1800's), until it was purchased by the Menier family (French chocolatiers) in the 1950's and they funded its restoration to its former glory.  Hooray for all of us who love chocolate and gorgeous chateaus!

Another iconic view of the chateau . . . can you tell how cold it was???  Not another tourist in sight!

At Caroline and Julie's suggestion, we're off to LaRochelle tomorrow. It's one of France's major seaports - maybe it'll be warmer??